Box diagram of body fluid compartments5/31/2023 ![]() Skin - water loss by sweating and insensible water loss Kidneys - most but not all regulation of water and electrolytes occurs hereĤ. Alimentary canal (GI tract) - indiscriminate in its behavior some processes of absorption are regulated by mostly they are not so if we drink lots of water it will be absorbed even if we are in water balanceģ. (She gave some points about each in class but they aren't in the notes, the info is included in this notecard) 1. ![]() Intraocular fluid What are the four organs that communicate the ECF with the external environment? the gall bladder, stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder)ģ. Fluid in transit in the lumina of epithelial organs (e.g. Transcellular fluid compartment (2% to 4% of TBW) What does the transcellular fluid compartment consist of? 1. The second blank is a fraction Intracellular fluid (ICF) is 40% of body weight (about 2/3 of TBW) What separates the plasma and ISF compartments? Capillaries What separated the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid compartments? Separated by cellular membranes Plasma and ISF together constitute the _ - _% of body weight (about _ of TBW) Extracellular fluid (ECF) which is 20% of body weight (about 1/3 of TBW) There is a fourth small compartment, the _ fluid compartment. See slide four for the answers and how this works out Intracellular fluid (ICF) is _% of body weight (about _ of TBW) Plasma is 1/4 of ECF Practice: for a man that has a 70 kg body weight, give the amount of water in L in each of the compartments Intracellular fluid = 0.4 x body weight = 28 LĮxtracellular fluid (ECF) = 0.2 x body weight = 14 L Intracellular fluid (ICF) For a typical male who has a TBW that is 60% of his body weight, what proportion of this is distributed to the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments? Intracellular fluid (ICF) is 0.4 x body weightĮxtracellular fluid (ECF) is 0.2 x body weight The extracellular fluid compartment is made up of what two compartments? Plasma and interstitial fluid Of the 20% of the body weight that is water in the extracellular fluid for a typcial man, what proportions are in the plasma and interstitial fluid? Interstitial fluid is 3/4 of ECF (Just multiply the typical value of 60% by the total body weight in Kg to get the TBW in L)ħ0 x 0.6 = 42 Total body water (TBW) is distributed amongst which compartments? 1. Therefore, it appears that a complete suite of adaptations to metabolism, vital physiological functions, and thermogenic mechanisms is required for the successful expression of the hibernation phenotype.What are the most commonly used values for TBW for both males and females? 60% of body weight for malesĥ0% of body weight for females For example, if you have a 70 kg male, what is his TBW? 70 kg male has 42 L TBW There is some evidence of cold acclimations in nonhibernators, such as during fetal development, but responses are limited and cursory, and eventually cellular damage occurs. ![]() ![]() Key physiological changes involve seasonal regulation of metabolic hormones, a shift to largely using endogenous fuel sources (i.e., increased lipolysis), global down regulation of protein transcription by posttranslational modification and microRNA save for the increased production of a small number of protective proteins, shifts in membrane composition, and thermoge- nesis by brown adipose tissue. In mammals, adaptations that allow for hibernation can be classified as those involved in preparation for hibernation, metabolic reduction, continued cellular function and pro- tection, and arousal. Long- term employment of torpor (i.e., hibernation) is a season- ally expressed phenotype, the genetic and regulated path- ways of which can be found throughout all mammal lineages, including hibernators and nonhibernators alike. A temporary, reversible reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature (i.e., torpor) is an adaptive re- sponse used by many species of birds and mammals to conserve energy during periods of resource scarcity. Heterothermy is a widespread, adaptive strat- egy used by many species of bird and mammal to conserve energy during periods of energetic deficit, the expression of which varies greatly depending on the species and envi- ronment.
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